Photographic camera



5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed July 6, 1961 Fig.7

INVENTOR.

BY ALFRED WINKLER -1M f/r/ r Dec. 24, 1963 A. WlNKLER 3,115,077

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed July 6, 1961 v 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

BY ALFRED WINKLER Dec. 24, 1963 A. WlNKLER 3,115,077

PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERA Filed July 6, 1961 s Sheets-Sheet 3 Fig.3]

IN VEN TOR.

BY ALFRED WINKLER 21,4 8 fl /liar (llamas pr-lo The present invention relates to cam .s in general, and more particularly to one-eyed reflection cameras with a bui .in photometer and exchangeable objectives each of which includes a diaphragm the arangement being such that, after camera release for exposure, the dip agm, from the fully open position, closes to a predetermined aperture value under spring loading.

An important object or" the invention is to provide a camera of this kind which is constructed and assembled in such a way that the diaphragm which is provided in the objective may be adjusted automatically or manually and that the manual diaphragm adjusting means cannot interfere with the automatic diaphragm adjusting means or vice versa.

Another object of the invention is to provide an improved operative connection between an interlens diaphragm provided in an exchangeable objective and the photometer which is mounted in the camera housing.

A further object of the invention is to provide a camera of the above outlined characteristics wherein the diaphragm may be adjusted in a fully automatic way in dependency on one or more factors other than the lighting conditions.

An additional object of my invention is to provide a camera of the above described type wherein any adjustments of the diaphragm automatically result in corresponding adjustments of the exposure time.

Still another object of the instant invention is to provide an automatic control system for the diaphragm of a detachable objective in reflection cameras which comprises a comparatively small number of component parts that occupy a small space in the camera housing and in the objective, and which is automatically locked against operation when it is desired to manually adjust the diaphragm.

'2 It the above objects in view, the invention resides in the provision of a camera having a housing, an objective releasabiy con ected with the housing, a diaphragm mounted in the objective and comprising rotary adjusting means for varying the diaphragm opening, means for permanently biasing the adjusting means in a direction to close the diaphragm opening, movable control means provided in the housing, means provided on the adjusting menus and on the control means for an niitting motion of the adjusting means to the control means when the adjusting means rotates under the action ot the biasing means, means for moving the control means and the adjusting means counter to the action of the biasing means so as to fully open the diaphragm, and means compris ng a photometer and an operative connection between the photometer and the control means for arresting the control means and hence the adjusting means in a position corresponding to momentary lighting conditions detected by the photometer whereby the diaphragm is adjusted in accordance with the lighting conditions.

Certain other features of the invention reside in the provision of a special connection between the photometer and the control means which includes a lost motion mechanism, in the provision or" a preferably releasable connection between the diaphragm adjusting means and the exposure time setting means so that the exposure time setting means is adjusted automatically in response to adjustments of the diaphragm, in the provision of means nited States Patent 0 Cir lDee.

Patented for automatically inactivating the operative connection between the photometer and the diaphragm adjusting means and for automatically inactivating the photometer when the diaphragm is adjusted manually so that the automatic diaphragm adjusting means cannot interfere with the manual adjusting means or vice versa, in the provision of an operative connection between the exposure time setting means and the photometer so as to influence the adjustment of the diaphragm in accordance with the lighting conditions and with the selected exposure time, and in the provision of means for adjusting he photometer in dependency on the sensitivity of the 1 which is being utilized in the camera so that the diaphragm is adjusted in accordance with the film sensitivity.

The novel features which are considered as characteristic of the invention are set forth in particular in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, both as to its construction and its method of operation, together with additional objects and advantages thereof, will be best understood from the following detailed description of certain specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

PEG. 1 is an exploded perspective view of certain components forming part of a camera embodying one form of my invention;

FIG. 2 is a fragmentary partly elevational and partly sectional view of the camera as seen in the direction of arrows from th line li-ll in HG. 1; and

PEG. 3 is an exploded view of certain components forming part of a modified camera in which the diaphragm adjusting means controls the exposure time setting mechanism.

Referring now in greater detail to the illustrated embodiments, and first to FIGS 1 and 2, there is shown a so-called one-eyed reflection camera which includes an exchangeable objective 1. This objective is releasably connectabie with a tube 2 which is provided on the front wall 2:: of camera housing. The exact construction of the connection between the objective 1 and the tube 2 forms no part of the present invention; for example, this connection may comprise a bayonet lock assembly of any known design.

The objective 1 comprises an objective lens system 3 and accommodates a diaphragm supporting ring or carrier t which is fixedly received in the objective. The ring 4 is provided with a series of rearwardly extending pivot pins 5 (only one shown in FIG. 1) for diaphragm blades 6 of the interlens type each of which is provided with a guide slot 7 for a guide pin 55 connected to a rotary udjusting ring 9, the latter mounted in the objective 1t rearwardly of the ring 4. The configuration of the slots '7 is such that the blades 6 will pivot about the respective pins 5 when the ring 9 is rotated with respect to the ring d.

The adjusting ring 9 carries a forwardly extending pinshaped projection lid which is connected to one end of a biasing means here shown as a helical expansion spring ill. The other end of this spring is connected to a pin 12 which is secured to the front side of the supporting ring The spring 11 always tends to rotate the adjusting ring 9 in the direction indicated by the arrow a so as to move the diaphragm blades 6 to their closing position in which the blades screen the concentric opening in the supporting ring 4. The projection lit extends through and is movable longitudinally of a peripheral cutout 4a in the ring 4.

The adjusting ring 9 is further provided with a rearwardly extending pin-shaped motion transmitting projection 13 which is parallel with the optical axis of the objective l and which serves as a means for arresting the adjusting ring and hence the diaphragm blades 6 in a given position which corresponds to momentary lighting conditions. The manner in which the projection 13 controls the angular position of the adjusting ring 1- will be fully described hereinafter.

The tube 2 of the camera housing accommodates a control ring 14 which is freely movable (i.e. rotatable) therein and which carries a radially extending motion transmitting stop 15, the latter projecting forwardly in a direction toward the adjusting ring 9. The stop is arranged in such a way that it extends into the path of the projection 13 when the objective l is secured to the tube 2 (see FIG. 2). In other words, the projection l3 transmits motion to the stop 15 and the stop transmits motion to the ring 14 when the ring 9 is rotated in the direction of the arrow a under the bias of the spring ll so as to move the diaphragm blades 6 to their closing position.

The control ring 14 is provided with a toothed segment 1'6 which meshes with an intermediate gear 17, the latter freely' rotatable about its shaft 17a which is mounted in the camera housing. The gear 17 also meshes with a rack 18 provided on a regulating member 19, hereinafter called slide, which is formed with a pair of elongated guide slots 21, Eda. These slots respectively receive guide pins 2%, Ella which are fixed to the camera housing and which permit the slide 19 to reciprocate in and counter to the direction indicated by the arrow b. It will be noted that the segment 16, the gear 17 and the rack 18 constitute means for transforming angular movements of the rotary control ring 14 into reciprocatory movements of the slide 19. The latter is provided with a lug 22 which is formed with an elongated slot 23 for a follower pin This follower pin is connected to a cam 26 which is rocka-ble about the common axis of two journals 25 mounted in the camera housing. The cam 26 is provided with a cam face 27. A comparatively weak spring 23 connected to the follower pin 24 permanently biases the cam 26 in anticlockwise direct-ion, as viewed in FIG. 1, so as to move the follower pin 24 into abutment with the front end wall 23a of the slot 23, i.e. to move the follower pin in the direction of the arrow [7. The follower pin 24 engages with the front end wall 23a and is caused to rock the cam 26 in clockwise direction against the bias of the spring 23 when the slide it? is moved counter to the direction indicated by the arrow b. During such clockwise movement of the cam 26, the latters cam face 27 is moved away from a substantially rodshaped pointer 336i which is slidable along the guide edge of a fixed support 29. The pointer 3%) forms part of a moving coil instrument 31 which is electrically connected with a photoelectric cell 41 by means of conductors 42, 42a. The instrument 3d and the cell 41 together constitute the photometer of my camera, and the parts l629 together constitute an operative connection between the pointer and the control ring 14.

The slot 23 has a second end wall 23]) which comes into abutment with the follower pin 24 when the slide 19 is moved in the direction of the arrow 1') during rotation of the adjusting ring 9 in the direction of the arrow (2. During such movement of the slide 19, the spring 28 causes the face 2'7 of the cam as to move into abutment with the pointer 30.

The tube 2 accommodates a rotary annular tensioning and releasing member or ring 32 which is located rearwardly of and is concentric with the control ring 1 5'. The tensioning ring 32 is releasable by the customary trigger for the shutter mechanism (not shown) and is formed with a motion transmitting bracket 33 which is located in front of the stop 15, as seen in the direction of the arrow :2. In addition, the ring 32 comprises a toothed Segment 3d which meshes with a driver gear 36 mounted on a. shaft 35. The shaft cooperates with the film transporting mechanism and turns the adjusting ring 9 through the parts as, 34 33, 32, 15, l4, 13 in a direction counter to the arrow a to fully open the diaphragm blades 6. immediately before the shutter is released to 4 illuminate a new portion of the film, the adjusting ring 9 is rotated in the direction of the arrow at so that the blades 6 may move under the bias of the spring Ill to a predetermined extent, i.e. so as to form an opening of predetermined magnitude for the passage of light rays when the shutter is released.

The tube 2 is surrounded by a manually operable rotary selector ring 37 which provided with a graduated scale 72 indicating the various diaphragm openings. The selector ring 37 cooperates with a fixed index or marker F3 which is provided on the tube 2. A motion transmitting finger of the selector ring 3'7 is movable independently of the stop 15 and is adapted to cooperate with the projection 13 of the adjusting ring 9. At its inner side, the selector ring 37 is provided with an arcuate control cam whose length equals the maximum angular distance which the ring can cover in order to change the diaphragm opening from its maximum to its minimum magnitude or vice versa. The cam controls a normally open switch which is connected in the circuit of the photoelectric cell When the switch is closed, no current can flow from the cell ll to the moving coil instrument 311..

The tube 2 accommodates a rotary exposure time setting ring 4-3 v ch is form d with a cam slot 44% for a follower pin 4:) of an exposure time setting mechanism accommodated in a casing shown in FIG. 2. A bentover radial lug 47 of the setting ring extends into a recess &3 f rmed in a manually adjustable outer exposure time setting ring which surrounds the tube 2 and is adjacent to the diaphragm opening selector ring 37. The rings 4-3, 59 and the mechanism in the casing together constitute the exposure time setting means of my camera.

The inner setting ring is formed with a toothed segment which meshes with an intermediate gear 52 whose shaft 551 is mounted in the camera housing. The gear 52 is in mesh with a first set of teeth provided on a recipro- 55. This rack is formed with a pair of eloncable rack gated guide slots 54:: which are aligned with each other and which accommodate guide pins 53, 53a, the latter fixedly mounted in the camera housing so that the rack 55 is caused to perform reciprocatory movements in t1 e longitudinal direction of the slots 534-, 54a in response to clockwise and anticlockwise angular movements of the inner setting ring A second set of teeth on the rack meshes with intermediate gear 5? which is mounted on a fixed shaft and which meshes with a toothed rack the latter reciprocable in directions substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the rack 55. it will be noted that the axial length or" the gear 57 is selected in such a way that this gear may mosh simultaneously with the racl; and with the rack thou h the racks 55, are disposed in two parallel planes. The rack 53 is provided with an offset arm 59 which carries a further rack es in mesh with a gear will, the latter rigid with a shaft or. which is rotatably mounted in bearings (not shown) in the camera housing. The gear 61 is rigidly connected with a bracket 63 which straddles the movin coil instrument 31. The instrument Ell is freely rotatable on and is coaxial with the shaft The bracket has a free arm which extends along to pper end face of the instrument 31, as viewed in FIG. 1, and which is formed with a series of arcuately arr e bores and a further bore concentric with the gear or. The bore 6? receives a shaft which is rigidly secured to the instrument 3i and which is also connected with a film sensitivity selecting knob The knob as is provided with a coupling pin which may be received in one of the bores 64 to releasably connect the gear er and the bracket 63 with the instrument 31 and knob so. The knob is permanently biased by a spring, not shown, so that its pin 6? automatically enters one of the bores 64 when the knob is released. This knob is provided externally of the camera housing so as to be readily accessible to an operator. The bracket 63 is formed with markers 7%, 7%, 7&- which cooperate with a film sensitivity inch-- eating graduated scale 71 provided on the exposed end face of the knob The markers 7%, 7%, Villa may be differently colored or each thereof may be associated with a legend or the like indicating a different diaphragm opening, i.e. the maximum diaphragm opening of a given exchangeable objective. it is preferred to construct the moving coil instrument 31 in such a way that the axis of the shaft 62, coincides with the axis of the coil proper and with the axis of the shaft it is now assumed that the user desires to take a picture with automatic regulation of the diaphragm opening. The trigger (not shown) is operated to permit rotation of the spring-biased Sheff. 35 in the direction indicated by the arrow 0, whereby the revolving driver gear 36 rotates the tensioning ring 32 in the direction of the arrow 0. The adjusting ring 9 is now released and is free to rotate under the bias of the spring llll (arrow at). The projection 13 engages the stop 15 to rotate the control ring 1 in the same direction. T he rotating control ring l4- causes the intermediate gear 117' to move the slide ill-l in the direction of the arrow b. The follower it remains in abutment with the front end wall 23a of the slot 23 (under the bias of the spring until the cam 26 comes into abutment with the movable pointer which latter is in abutment with the support 2-9. Once the face .27 of the cam 26 en gages the pointer the spring 28 cannot cause a further anticlockwise movement of the cam as and the latter assumes a predetermined position which corresponds to the lighting conditions detected by the photometer cell t'll. As the adjusting ring 9 continues its angular movement in the direction of the arrow a under the influence of the pring 131, the rear end wall 231') of the slot 23 is moved mto abutment with the follower pin 24 and the latter arrests the slide 19 as well as the adjusting ring h so that the ring 9 now maintains the diaphragm blades s in a predetermined position in which the blades define a given diaphragm opening. Tie adjusting ring 9 is arrested as soon as the slide 19 is brought to a halt since the control ring 14, its stop 15 and the projection 13 then oppose the bias of the spring 11. The momentary position of the diaphragm blades and the magnitude of the diaphragm opening correspond to the lighting conditions determined by the cell at and the moving coil instrument it will be noted tnat the parts is, 2A- form a lost motion mechanism between the cam 29 and the control ring it.

When the rotary movement of the driver gear 36 and of the shaft $5 is terminated, the heretofore closed shutter leaves (not shown) are caused to open for a period of time determined by the exposure time setting means :3, so that the film may be illuminated by light rays passing through the open shutter and through the opening defined by the diaphragm blades 6. As is known, the shutter remains closed at all times excepting when its leaves are caused to open for a period of time determined by the position of the ring in the next step, the user advances the film and thereby rotates the shaft 35 in a direction counter to the arrow 0 to store energy in the spring which biases this shaft. Such rotation of the shaft and of the driver gear 35 causes the tensioning ring 32 to rotate counter to the direction of the arrow a and its bracket 33 entrains the stop 15 and the projection 13 in the same direction, i.e. the adjusting ring 9 is rotated clockwise, as viewed in PlG. 1, and opens the diaphragm blades 6 against the bias of the spring ill. The diaphragm is now in its fully open position and the camera is ready to t ke the next picture in a manner as described above.

if the operator desires to change the exposure time prior to taking the next picture, he rotates the outer setting ring 49 and thereby changes the angular position of the inner setting ring d3. During such angular displacement of the inner setting ring d3, the pin 45 is displaced by the wall of the cam slot 414 and the timer mechanism in the casing as is adjusted accordingly. At the same time, the inner setting ring causes a rotary movement of the Cir gear 52, of the rack 55, of the gear 5'7, of the racks 58, so and of the gear oi. Since the gear 61 is rigid with the bracket as and since the pin 69 couples the bracket as with the knob as and with the moving coil instrument 31, the latter participates in rotary movements of the gear 6d and adjusts the position of the pointer 3i with respect to the cam face 27 to thereby adjust the diaphragm opening in accordance with the newly selected exposure time provided, of course, that the lighting conditions remained unchanged.

In order to adjust the film sensitivity knob 63 and to thereby influence the adjustment of the diaphragm blades 6, the operator grasps this knob with his fingers and moves it in the direction of the arrow (1 against the bias of a non-illustrated spring to such an extent that the coupling pin as is withdrawn from its bore 64. The knob is now free to rotate with respect to the bracket 63 and may assume a new angular position in which a selected graduation on its sensitivity-indicating scale '71 is aligned with one of the markers Illa, "itlb, "l'tlc, i.e. with the marker which corresponds to that objective 1 which is momentarily coupled with the tube 2. During such rotary adjustments, the moving coil instrument 31 participates in angular movements of the knob as to adjust the pointer with respect to the cam face 27 and to thereby influence the adjustment of the diaphragm opening in accordance with the new setting of the film sensitivity selecting knob 68. Thus, the diaphragm is automatically adjustable in response to changing lighting conditions (through the cell ll, instrument Sill, pointer 3d and operative connection rs za in response to changes in exposure time (ring 43, operative connection Ell-63, instrument Ell, pointer 35) and connection lid-29), and in response to changes in film sensitivity (knob as, instru ment 31, pointer so and connection 16-29).

It the user desires to take a picture without automatic regulation of the diaphragm opening, he turns the selector ring 37 to such an extent that the selected area of the diaphragm opening indicated by the scale '72 is aligned with the index 73. This moves the motion transmitting finger into the path of the step 15 and the position of the finger 38 then determines the extent to which the spring ll may rotate the adjusting ring 9 in the direction of the arrow a. In other words, the finger 35*; now controls the adjustment of the diaphragm during the next exposure.

As soon as the graduation marked A (meaning automatic setting of the diaphragm opening) on the scale '72 is moved out alignment With the index '73, i.e. as soon as the finger 38 is moved from the end position which is shown in PEG. 1, the cam 31 closes the switch it) and short-circuits the cell 4i so that the latter cannot supply current impulses to the instrument 3d. The pointer 3i? now drops to its Zero position which is selected in such a way that the pointer cannot influence the rocking movements of the cam 26 because it cannot be engaged by the cam face '27 regardless of the angular position or" the knob and regardless of the exposure time set by the rings 43, $9. in the embodiment of H6. 1, the pointer is then assumed to have been moved to the right and into abutment with a stud 2751 at the right-hand end of the cam face The operative connection ll629 and the photometer 23-9, M, 3-1, 4-2, are now inactive.

To make the next exposure, the operator actuates the trigger to start rotation of the shaft 3:5 and of the driver gear 36 in the direction of the arrow c and to cause anticlockwise rotation of the tensioning ring 32 (arrow [1). The bracket 33 then permits the rings 14, 9 to rotate under the bias of the spring llll until the stop 15' engages with the finger 3%. The assembly of parts 16- 3% cannot influence the diaphragm opening because, and as explained hereinabove, the pointer 36 is in its inoperative or zero position and cannot prevent the cam 26 and the slide 19 from moving to the extent determined by the finger 38. The rocking movement of the cam 26 is now limited by 7 the stationary support 29 which latter is positioned in such a way that the stop 15 may move into abutment with the finger 38 in any desired position of the selector ring 37, i.e. even if the user selects the smallest diaphragm opening.

Referring now to FIG. 3, there is shown a modified camera which differs from the camera of FIGS. 1 and 2 in that :the exposure time, too, may be adjusted in a fully automatic way. The adjusting ring 9 is provided with a motion transmitting coupling pin 8t} which is parallel with the optical axis of the objective and which extends through an arcuate slot 81 of the control ring ltd into a peripheral groove 82 of the inner setting ring 43. The center of curvature of the slot 81 coincides with the common axis of the rings 9 and l d so that the pin 86 cannot influence the ring 14 when it moves the ring 9. The pin do actually replaces the assembly of parts tl61 shown in PEG. 1. The moving coil instrument 31 is now adjustable solely for the purpose of adjusting the diaphragm opening in response to a new angular position of the film sensitivity selecting wheel or knob 84, the latter rigidly connected with the instrument 31 by means of a coaxial shaft 83. The knob $4 is accessible from the exterior of the camera housing and its exposed end face is provided with a graduated scale 85 calibrated to indicate different degrees of film sensitivity. A bracket 36 which is secured to the camera housing carries markers 86a, 85b, 55c which correspond to three different objectives adapted to be coupled with the tube of the camera housing.

The rotary selector ring 37 is provided with a peripheral scale 87 adjacent to an index 88 formed on the camera housing. The graduation marked A on the scale 87 is aligned with the index 88 when the operation of the camera is automatic.

The operation of the camera shown in FIG. 3 is analogous to that of the camera illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2 and, therefore, requires no detailed description. The sole difference is that a rotation of the shaft 35 in the direction of the arrow 0 not only causes rotation of the parts 32,, 14, E in the direction of the arrow a but the pin then turns the ring 43 to adjust the timer mechanism in the casing 46 in a fully automatic way. When the shaft 35 is rotated in anticlockwise direction during advancing of the film, the ring 43 is automatically rotated in clockwise direction to its starting position.

An important advantage of my improved automatic control system is that it does not necessitate substantial changes in the construction and design of presently known photometer-equipped cameras, and also that the construction of the exchangeable objective may remain practically unchanged. All that is necessary is to provide a motion transmitting connection l3, between the objective-mounted adjusting ring 9 and the control ring which latter is mounted in the camera housing or, in accordance with the embodiment of FIG. 3, to provide an additional motion transmitting connection 3d, 82 between the rings 9 and 43.

Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic and specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.

What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is:

1. in a camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective removably connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising adjusting means movable between two end positions for varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means for permanently biasing said adjusting means to one of said 8 end positions; movable control means mounted in said camera housing; means provided on said adjusting means and on said control means for transmitting motion of said adjusting means to said control means when said adjusting means moves under the bias of said resilient means; tensioning means for moving said adjusting means and said control means counter to the bias of said resilient means so as to move said adjusting means to the other end position; and means comprising a photometer and an operative connection between said photometer and said control means for arresting the latter against the bias of said resilient means in a position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer whereby the diaphragm opening is adjusted in accordance with such lighting conditions.

2. in a reflection camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective removably connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising a rotary adjusting ring for varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means in said objective for permanently biasing said adjusting ring in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; a control member rota-tably mounted in said housing and concentric with said adjusting ring; means comprisig a projection on said adjusting ring and a stop on said control member located in the path of said projection for rotating the control member when the adjusting ring rotates under the bias of said resilient means; a tensioning member mounted in said housing and comprising motion transmitting means located i the h of said stop for rotating said control member and sa1d adjusting ring in a direction counter to the bias of said resilient means to enlarge the diaphragm opening; a photometer in said housing comprising photoelectric cell and a moving coil instrument electrically connected with said cell, said instrument having a pointer movable into a plurality of positions each corresponding to a condition of lighting detected by said cell; and an operative connection between said pointer and said control member for arresting the latter in an angular position corresponding to the momentary position of said pointer when the control member is released by said tensioning member and is free to rotate under the bias of said resilient means whereby the area of the diaphragm opening corresponds to the momentary position of said pointer.

3. In a reflection camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective removably connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising a rotary adjusting ring for varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means in said objective for permanently biasing said adjusting ring in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; control means movably mounted in said housing and concentric with said adjusting ring; means comprising a projection on said adjusting ring and a stop on said control means located in the path of said projection for moving said control means when the adjusting ring rotates under the bias of said resilient means; a tensioning member mounted in said housing and comprising motion transmitting means located in the path of said stop for moving said control means and for rotating said adjusting ring in a direction counter to the bias of said resilient means to enlarge the diaphragm opening; a photometer in said housing comprising a photoelectric cell and a moving coil instrument electrically connected with said cell, said instrument having a pointer movable into a plurality of positions each corresponding to a condition of lighting detected by said cell; and an operative connection between said pointer and said control means for arresting the latter in a position corresponding to the momenta 7 position of said pointer when the control means is released by said tensioning member and is free to move under the bias of said resilient means whereby the area of the diaphragm opening corresponds to the momentary position of said pointer.

4. In a camera, in combination, a camera housing; and objective connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising rotary adjusting means for varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means for permanently biasing said adjusting means in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; rotary control means mounted in said camera housing; means provided on said adjusting means and on said control means for transmitting rotary motion of said adjusting means to said control means in only one direction when said adjusting means rotates under the bias of said resilient means; tensioning means for rotating said adjusting means and said control means counter to the bias of said resilient means so as to fully open said diaphragm; means comprising a photometer and an operative connection between said photometer and said control means for arresting the latter against the bias of said resilient means in an angular position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer whereby the diaphragm opening is adjusted in accordance with said lighting conditions; and film sensitivity selecting means adjustably connected with said photometer for influencing the adjustment of said diaphragm.

5. in a camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising rotary adjusting means or varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means for permanently biasing said adjusting means in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; rotary control means mounted in said camera housing; means provided on said adjusting means and on said control means for transmitting rotary motion of said adjusting means to said control means in only one direction when said adjusting means rotates under the bias of said resilient means; tensioning means for rotating said adjusting means and said control means counter to the bias of said resilient means so as to fully open said diaphragm; means comprising a photometer and an operative connection between said photometer and said control means for arresting the latter against the bias of said resilient means in. an angular position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer whereby the diaphragm opening is adjusted in accordance with said lighting conditions; exposure time setting means mounted in said housing; and an operative connection between said letting means and said photometer for adjusting the photometer in response to changes in exposure time whereby said photometer, through said first mentioned operative connection, adjusts the diaphragm opening in response to changes in exposure time.

6. In a camera as recited in claim 1, said adjusting means being turnable about the optical axis, exposure time setting means comprising a rotary setting ring mounted in said housing and concentric with said adjusting means; and means for transmitting rotary motion or" said adjusting means to said setting ring to adjust said time setting means in accordance with adjustments of the diaphragm.

'7. in a camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising a rotary adjusting ring for varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means for permanently biasing said ring in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; a rotary control ring mounted in said camera housing and concentric with said adjusting ring; means for transmitting rotary motion of said adjusting ring to said control ring when the adjusting ring rotates under the bias of said resilient means and for rotating said adjusting ring counter to the bias or" said resilient means; releasable tensioning means for rotating said rings counter to the bias of said resilient means; manually operable means mounted on said housing for adjusting the diaphragm opening, said manually operable means comprising a finger adapted to engage with said control ring for limiting the rotation of said rings under the bias of said resilient means; a photometer mounted in said housing; and an operative connection between said photometer and said control ring for automatically arresting the latter in an angular position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer whereby the diaphragm opening is automatically adjusted in accordance with said lighting conditions, said finger movable by said manually operable means to an end position in which the extent of rotation of said control ring under the bias of said resilient means is determined solely by said photometer.

8. In a camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising a rotary ad- 'usting ring for varying the diaphragm opening; resilient means for permanently biasing said ring in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; a rotary control ring mounted in said camera housing and concentric with said adjusting ring; means for transmitting rotary motion of said adjusting ring to said control ring when the adjusting ring rotates under the bias of said resilient means and for rotati said adjusting ring counter to the bias of said resilient means; releasable tensioning means for rotating said rings counter to the bias of said resilient means; manually operable means mounted on said housing for adjusting the diaphragm opening, said manually operable means comprising a er adapted to engage with said control ring for lining the rotation of said rings the bias of s id resilient means; a pilot said housig, said photometer com rising a photoelectric cell and a moving coil instrument electrically connected with said cell and comprising a pointer mov into a plurality of positions each correspor g to a diff rent li ting condition detected by said cell; an operative connection between said pointer and said control ring for automatically arresting the latter in an angular position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer it hereby the diaphragm opening is automatically adjusted in accordance with said li htl' g ditions, said movable by said manu means to an end position in which the extent of said control ring under the bias of said resilient means is determined solely by said photom normally open electric switch means connected the circuit of said cell; and means provided on said manually operable selecting 11" ans for closing said switch means and for short-c rcuiting said cell when the finger of said manually operable means is moved from said end position.

9. A combination as set forth in claim 8, wherein said pointer is automatically moved to an inoperative position when said switch means is closed so that the diaphragm opening is controlled solely by said finger in response to movement of the finger from said end pee on.

10. In a reflection camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective removably connected will said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objec e and co prising a rotary adjusting ring for varying the dia' li opening; resilient means in said objective for permane biasing said adjusting ring in a direction to close the diaphr gm opening; a control member rotatably mo d in said housing and concentric with said adjusting 1 means comprising a projection on said ad' ting ring and a stop on said control member located in ti: path or": projection for rotating the contr member when t adjusting ring roles under the bias of said resilient means; a tensioning member mounted in said housing comprising motion transmitting means located in the path of said stop tor rotating said control member and s adjusting ring in a direction counter to the bias of said resilient means to enlarge the diaphragm o ding; a photometer in said housing compris ig a photoelectric cell and a moving coil instrument electrically connected with said cell, said instrument having a pointer movable into a plurality or" positions each corresponding to a condition of lighting det cted by said cell; and an operative connection between said pointer and said control member {or arresting the latter in an angular nosition corresponding to the momentary position of said pointer when the control member is released by said tensioning member and is free to rotate under the bias of said resilient where y the area of the diaphragm opening corresponds to the momentary position of said pointer, said operative connection comprising a rockable cam having a cam face to engage said pointer; spring means for biasing so i cam into engagement with said pointer, a lost motion mechanism for connecting said cam with said control member.

11. A combination as set forth in claim 10, wherein said lost motion nicchan I11 comprises a slide having an elon ated slot bounded by a first and a second wall, a follower connected 2 or said cam and extending into s id slot so to abut against one of said Walls under th of said spring neans and means for moving said slide the longitudinal direction of said slot in response to movement of said control member under the bias of said resilicnt for moving the other Wall to abutment with said follower, said slide arrested to thereby arrest said control member when said point r engages with said cam face when said follower abuts against said other Wall.

12. in a camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising rotary adjusting means for varying the diaphragm opening; means for permanntly biamng said adjusting means in a direction to close the diaphragm opening; control means movably mounted in said housing; means for transmitting motion of said adjusting means to said control means and vice versa; a photometer mounted in said housing; and an operative connection between said photometer and said control means for arresting the latter against the action of said biasing means in an angular position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer w iereby the dia hragm is adjusted in accordance with said lighting conditions, said biasing means driving not only said adjusting means but also said control means and, through the latter, said photometer.

13. In a camera, in combination, a camera housing; an objective connected with said housing; a diaphragm mounted in said objective and comprising rotary adjusting means for varying the di phragm opening; means for permanently biasing said adjusti g means in a direction to close tne diaphragm opening; control means movably mounted in said housin means for transmitting motion of said adjasting means to said control means and vice versa; a photometer mounted in said housing; an oper tive connection between said photometer and said control means for arresting the latter against the action of said biasing means in an an ular position corresponding to the lighting con tions detected by said photometer w ereby the c 'aplnagzn is usted in accordance with said ill l mg COH' JLR/l IS; exposure time setting means mounted i s housing; and an operative connection between said so mg means and said photometer for adjusting the latter in response to changes in exposure time whereby the adjustment of said diaphragm is additionally influenced by said so ting means.

ing means for varying the diaphragm opening; means for ermanently biasing said adjusting means in a directi to close the diaphragm opening; control means movably mounted in said housing; means for transmitting motion of said adjusting means to said control means and vice versa; a photometer mounted in said housing; an operative connection between said photor e er and said control means for arresting the latte-r against the action of said biasing means in an angular position corresponding to the lighting conditions detected by said photometer whereby the diaphragm is adjusted in accordance with said lighting conditions, said biasing means driving not only said adjusting means but also said control means and, through the latte said photometer; and means or adjusting the photometer in dependency on the sensitwity of tioned acqusting means.

15. In a camera as recited in claim 12, exposure time settin means mounted in said housing; and means for adjusting said setting means in response to adiustments of said diaphragm whereby the exposure time is selected in dependency on the lighting conditions detected by said photometer.

16. -n a camera, in combination, adjusting means for adjusting, at least partly, the extent to which film in the camera is exposed; control means cooperating with said adjusting means for driving the latter in one direction when said control means is moved in a cocking direction, said adjusting means when moving in an opposite direction moving said control means in a direction opposite to said cocking direction; photometer means for sensing the lighting conditions and being operatively connected to said control means to be driven thereby to a rest position when said control means moves in said cocking direction and to be driven by said control means in a light-sensing direction when said control moves in said direction ocposite to said cocl ng direction; cocking means cooperating with said control means for moving the latter in said cocking direction, said cockin" means when released releasing said control means for movement in a direction opposite to s cocking direction; and a single spring operativeiy connected to said adjusting means for urging the latter in said opposite direction, said single spring acting through said adjusting means on said control means to drive the latter in said direction opposite to said cocking direction and th ough said control means on said photometer means for actuating the latter to sense the lighting conditions, said cooling means moving said control means in said cocking di ection in opposition to said single spring.

References fitted in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 

1. IN A CAMERA, IN COMBINATION, A CAMERA HOUSING; AN OBJECTIVE REMOVABLY CONNECTED WITH SAID HOUSING; A DIAPHRAGM MOUNTED IN SAID OBJECTIVE AND COMPRISING ADJUSTING MEANS MOVABLE BETWEEN TWO END POSITIONS FOR VARYING THE DIAPHRAGM OPENING; RESILIENT MEANS FOR PERMANENTLY BIASING SAID ADJUSTING MEANS TO ONE OF SAID END POSITIONS; MOVABLE CONTROL MEANS MOUNTED IN SAID CAMERA HOUSING; MEANS PROVIDED ON SAID ADJUSTING MEANS AND ON SAID CONTROL MEANS FOR TRANSMITTING MOTION OF SAID ADJUSTING MEANS TO SAID CONTROL MEANS WHEN SAID ADJUSTING MEANS MOVES UNDER THE BIAS OF SAID RESILIENT MEANS; TENSIONING MEANS FOR MOVING SAID ADJUSTING MEANS AND SAID CONTROL MEANS COUNTER TO THE BIAS OF SAID RESILIENT MEANS SO AS TO MOVE SAID ADJUSTING MEANS TO THE OTHER END POSITION; AND MEANS COMPRISING A PHOTOMETER AND AN OPERATIVE CONNECTION BETWEEN SAID PHOTOMETER AND SAID CONTROL MEANS FOR ARRESTING THE LATTER AGAINST THE BIAS OF SAID RESILIENT MEANS IN A POSITION CORRESPONDING TO THE LIGHTING CONDITIONS DETECTED BY SAID PHOTOMETER WHEREBY THE DIAPHRAGM OPENING IS ADJUSTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH LIGHTING CONDITIONS. 